BGR Energy Study 2021. Data and Developments Concerning German and Global Energy Supplies - Summary
Development of German primary energy consumption from 1990 to 2020 according to energy sources and scenarios of the International Energy Agency until 2030
Source: BGR, AGEB, IEA
Even though global energy consumption decreased during the Corona crisis, the long-term global trend shows an increasing demand for energy. As in the previous years of the Corona pandemic, global energy consumption continued to rise in 2020, the reporting year of this study. The growing global population and the increase in the general standard of living are also expected to result in rising energy demand in the long term, despite higher energy efficiency.
The great challenge of the coming decades is the transformation of energy systems towards renewable energies. In Germany, important steps have been taken towards a low-emission energy supply. In addition to the already agreed phase-out of nuclear energy, the gradual reduction of the use of coal for energy purposes has been agreed upon. Visible evidence of the energy transition is the steadily growing share of renewable energies in the energy supply. The share of electricity generation was around 44 % in 2020. Renewable energies have thus become the most important source of electricity in Germany. In addition to the further expansion of biomass, wind power and photovoltaics and the development of a hydrogen energy economy, natural gas will foreseeably have to close the demand gap until the supply of primary energy becomes climate-neutral in the middle of the century. Natural gas combustion has the lowest specific CO2 emissions of all fossil energy sources.
With its biennial energy study, BGR presents data on the global supply of energy resources and on trade of natural gas, crude oil, nuclear fuels and coal. In addition, the study provides information on the global generation of renewable energies including geothermal energy and hydrogen. With the researched data, BGR provides an important basis for a fact-based discussion on the multi-layered and complex topic of sustainable energy supply.
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